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Substance is that which cannot be predicated of anything or be said to be in anything; this particular man or that particular tree are substances (“primary substances”) - Socrates is a primary substance, while man is a secondary substance

secondary substances, which are universals and can be predicated - Socrates is a primary substance, while man is a secondary substance

discrete or continuous - two cubits long, number, space, (length of) time

white, black, grammatical, hot, sweet, curved, straight

the way one object may be related to another - double, half, large, master, knowledge

Position in relation to the surrounding environment - in a marketplace, in the Lyceum

Position in relation to the course of events - yesterday, last year

a condition of rest resulting from an action (‘Lying’, ‘sitting’, ‘standing’) - lie, sit, stand

having or state - a condition of rest resulting from an affection (i.e. being acted on): ‘shod’, ‘armed’. The term is, however, frequently taken to mean the determination arising from the physical accoutrements of an object: one's shoes, one's arms, etc. Traditionally, this category is also called a habitus (from Latin habere, to have).

The production of change in some other object (or in the agent itself qua other).

The reception of change from some other object (or from the affected object itself qua other). Aristotle's name paschein for this category has traditionally been translated into English as “affection” and “passion” (also “passivity”), easily misinterpreted to refer only or mainly to affection as an emotion or to emotional passion. For action he gave the example, ‘to lance’, ‘to cauterize’; for affection, ‘to be lanced’, ‘to be cauterized.’ His examples make clear that action is to affection as the active voice is to the passive voice — as acting is to being acted on.

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